Evaporator.



W. G. HALL & W. SEARBY.

BVAPORATOR.

APPLIUATION FILED NOV. 23, 1011.

1,033,580. Patented July23, 1912.

4 SHEETS-SHEETL Q W/T/VESSES: g k; //v 00s I! r H. J 405% a 3% Wou wemATTORNEYS W. G. HALL & w. SEARBY.

EVAPORATOR. AYPLIOATION FILED NOV. 23, 1911.

Patented July 23, 1912.

4 SHEETSSHBET 2.

WITNESSES.- M J m ATTORNEYS 1 W. G. HALL & W. SEARBY.- EVAPORATOR.APPLICATION FILED NOV. 23, 1911.

Patented July 23, 1912.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WITNESSES:

I Ash am a l ezu 07/ I'm M ,0. 45 Wa la/7?, Jeaiby ATTORNEYS W. G. HALL& W. SEARBY.

Patented July 23, 1912.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

WITNESSES:

ATTORNEYS em; "E srarns PATENT orrica.

wrLLr'm caavm HALL, ornoNoLuLU, AND w LLrm snAnBY', or PU'UNENE,

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Specification of Letters Patent. 1

' Application filed November 23, 1911. Serial No. scaoea ritory ofHawaii, have invented a new and I Improved Evaporator.

ance with the present inventlon;

Among the prmcipal objects which the present invention has .in viewarezto provide an evaporator the construction whereof accelerates thecirculation of the liquids during the boiling thereof; to provide meansfor removing the non-condensible gases; to provide a save-all for theliqiiids carried by the vapor prior to passage thereof. from the retort;to provide a battery ofv retorts wherein the vapors surrenderedby oneunit are utilized for the boiling of the liquor in the next succeedingunit; to provide in retorts of the character mentioned an automaticsystem for feeding the retorts, the liquor being entered at the bottomof each retort and beneath the liquor therein contained; and to providein a battery of the character named a series of conduits for deliveringthe vapors given ofi in one retort as a heating medium for the liquorsof the next succeeding retort, 'said conduits being progressivelyincreased in the said battery, to accommodate the increasing volume ofvapor due to decreasing pressure.

One embodiment of the present invention is disclosed in the structureillustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which like characters ofreference denote corresponding parts inall the views, and in which-Figure 1 is a vertical section of a portion of a battery of evaporatorsconstructed and arranged in accordance with the present invention; Fig.2 is a cross section, taken on the line 2-2 in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is avertical section taken on the line 3-3 in-Fig. 2; Fig.1 4: is a detail"view, on an enlarged scale, of a retort constructed and arranged inaccord- Fig. 5 is a cross section, on an enlarged scale, taken on theline 5-5 in Fig. 1 ;'Fig. 6 is a cross section on an enlarged scale,taken on the line 6-6 in Fig. 1; Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic I showing thelay-out of retorts con-- structed and arranged in accordance with thepresent invention, to form an evaporating battery; and Fig. 8 is adetail view on an enlarged scale, a fra ent of the wall of the centraltube of the calandria and steam and gas collecting rings.

' In'constructing the retorts herein shown Patented July 23, 1912. q

and in vertical section, of-

and described, and in combining the same,-

certain distinctive changes have been made from the standard: retorts towhich it may be wise to here direct attention :-First, the bottom .ofthe retort is provided with aconical or upraised central portion orsection,

the sides whereof are curved substantially to the line of the path ofthe circulating liquors, which shape is provided to assist in theguidance of the said liquors when, circulating; second, which, inthecalandria, heats the liquors'to cause the circulation above referred'to,is distributed in such mannerthat the temperature of the heating surfaceof each calandria is gradually reduced from the circumference to thecenter thereof; third, the

circulating currents in the liquors are established and-controlled toform a centrallydisposed downward moving column within the heatingmedium the influence of escape-outlets for the steam or vapors generatedby contact with the surface of the central pipe; fourth, the vapors ofone retort are utilized to heat the liquors in the next retort, whilethe circulation is promoted in each retort, by introducing at the bottomthereof, 'with in and to the relatively cooled liquors therein, theheated juices of the preceding retort; and, fifth, the dome of eachretort is provided-with a saveall for precipitating the heavier portionsof the vapor prior to the passage thereof from the retort;

As seen in the accompa each of the retorts is provided with a cal- Thecalandria is provided with circular vertical walls 15 and 16. The wall15 is a tube downward through which the liquors travel; The walls 15 and16 are connected top and bottom with the tube plates 17: The plates 17are connected by the tubes 18 u Ward through which the liquors are guidecirculating,

Fig. 1 of the drawings. The wall 16 sepato move when as indicated by thearrows in ying drawings,

1b from the space 19 to within the walls 15 and dates the graduallessening of the pressure .20

' The heating medium abovereferred to,

the retort, and at the outer circumference thereof. Thepipes 31 are fedfrom the pipe proper, from the annular space 19 formed by the channeledring 20. Connected with the space 19, in the first member of the seriesof retorts and at the opposite sides thereof, are the steam inlet ducts21. In the succeeding retorts the spaces 19 are fed by the transferduets with the heated vapors delivered to each from a preceding retort.i

The steam and vapors are transferred 16, and between the two plates 17,17 in the same manner, that is, through slots 22 formed in the wall 16.The slots 22 are gradually increased in width in each succeeding retort.The increasein width resulting in the'lessening of resistance to thepassage of the heating medium accommoon the vapors and the gradualincrement of the quantity of vapor passing. That is, as the heatingmedium is carried from the ducts 21 it is lessened'in heat, and theebullition is increased by the increased vacuum, the quantity of themedium is proportionately increased.

be it steam or vapor, is hotter than the liquors contained in each ofthe retorts into which the said medium is introduced, which liquorscirculating through the tubes .18 gradually condense said steam orvapor. As the heating medium is condensed it is precipitated to thelower tube plate 17 and is carried thence by the collecting pipes 23 tothe waste pipe 24, by which itis conveyedto the succeeding retort, andfinally to the sewer from the last retort. I The'pipes 25 and 26 are inopen communication with the calandria, being extended within the tubecarrying chamber thereof, and opening adjacent to the upper and lowertube plates 17 thereof. Any gaseous formation within the chamber of thecalandria would, in this manner, be transferred by either of the pipes25, 26 to the vertical pipe 28. The valves. 29 are provided that theoutlet of each of the pipes 25, 26 may be manually and at willcontrolled. The pipe- 27 is extended through the side wall of the vaporchamber 30 of the retort above the liquid line thereof. When the valve29 is opened "it'will be evident that any accumulation of gases in thecalandria may be transferred to ,the retort and eventually'carried tothe condenser; The liquors are introduced through the distributing inletpipes 31 at the bottom of 32, a valve wherein is controlled by a float-33 mounted in the cylinder 34. The cyl1nder 34 is irf'open communicationwith the liquid containing portion of the retort by means of thepipe 35.The float'33 1s d1s-- posedsubstantially as shown in- Fig. 1 of 37 withthe lever 36. The cylinder 34 is provided with the pipe 38 and gage 39.This feed control is of usual construction.

It will be understood that the liquors are delivered from retort toretort successively, thereby incurring not only a continuous operation,but the effect, which in the present' process is considered essential,of introducing hot liquors into liquors much cooler and undersubstantially less pressure. This method of handling the materialspromotes the circulation 'of the said li uors. 1

To reinforce the wall 15 it is provided with a series of rings 40. Therings 40 are arranged to form channels or spaces 41 having providedtherein at intervals the tdbular openings 42, with which are connected aseries of short pipes 43. The pipes 43 pass the steam or gases trappedunder the rings 40 to the space 41 under an upper ring 40, the steam andgases being thus .freely passed upward through the body of thedownwardly descending liquor without interfering with or obstructing thedownward flow of the liquor which is the primal object of thisstructural feature. From the topmost ring 40, and from the space 41beneath the same, are extended the longer escapem ent pipes 44, whichpipes extend beyond the high level of the llquors contained 1n theretort;

In constructing the retort it is preferred that the bottom 45 shall beseparately manufactured. At the center of each bottom 45 is raised acone 46, the apex whereof is extended well into the tube formed by thewall .15. The cone thus introduced within the tube spreads thedescending column of liquors and delivers the same outwardly from thecenter of the retort under the calandria and the tubes 18 providedtherein When brought within the influence of the tubes 18 where the heatis being applied by ,the steam or vapors, admitteth from the space 19,the-liquors are heated to the'great est degree at the outer portion ofthe calendria and are thereby caused to rise throu 'h the tubes 18 attheouter .portion of 't e calandria'at a higher rate of speed than near thecenter of the calandria. It is dis" covered by us that the cone 46 thusplaced promotes the circulation of the liquor necessary to the properevaporation. It is also found that the formation .ofthe 6013646 on thebottom .45 materially strengthens the said bottom.

As the vapors are given off they pass up- I ward through livered to theshallow ner shown in Flg. 6 of the drawings.

compared with the boiling and evaporation set up in the first unit ofthe series. In both arrangements, however, the characteristic prevailsthat the plates are arranged to form passages therefrom.

The passages 49 open do wnwardly upon an inclined wall 52 which slopesas seen in Fig. 1 ofthe drawings, and which forms the central passageabove referred to. The walla-'52 is'connected with'a flat flange 53which forms thebottom of the annular channel at the outer edge of thedome 47. Through the bottom of the channel referred to are extended aseries of short delivery pipes 54. It is through the pipes 54 that theliquor precipitated in the passages 49 is degutters 55. The gutters 55are suspended by means ofya pendent plate 56. Leading from each of thegutters and arranged to drain the same is a series of down pipes 57. Thelowerend of each down pipe is extended 'within the tube formed by thewall 15 and below the surface level of the juices contained in theretort. It will thus be seen that within each unit or retort the liquoris delivered at the bot-tom and belowthe liquor of a lower pressurealready contained in the said retort; that the liquor is guided thereinby the cone 46 with which the bottom of the retort is provided; thatduring this circulation steam or foreign gases are removed from theliquor by mechanical means; and that prior to the exodus of the vaporsthe same are carried between precipitating plates to eliminate any]suspended liquids contained. It is after the vapor has been thus denudedthat it is carried by means of the ducts 51 forward for delivery to thespace 19 of the next succeeding retort. In each of thesucceeding'retorts the vapor performs the same function and in the samemanner as above described with reference to the steam which isintroduced only into the initial or first unit of the battery ofretorts. As in the steam, so in the vapor, the condensed products arecarried off by the waste pipes 24 to any suit- 7 able form of recovery.It is evident that the vapor recently released from the liquid which hasbeen cooled in the succeeding retort, willoperate as a heating mediumfor the chamber 30 and enter the dome 47 thereof. In the dome 47 of.each retort are disposed the baffling plates 48. The plates 48 arearranged in the first unit; of a battery of retorts, as shown in Fig. 5of i the drawings, and the last unit in the m iam he variation in thearrangement of the plates 48 is merely that which providesfor a larger.precipitating area in the final retort, wherein due to the greatervacuum, the boiling; or evaporation is somewhat increased as f 49 whichlead from the center passage 50 of the dome to.the vapor exitsv theliquor in the said succeeding retort, thus increasing, by raising thetemperature thereof within the calandria, the circulation and ebullitionof the liquor in the said succeeding retort. From the final retort andthe dome 47 thereof the vapors are carried by the duct 58 to thecondenser.

\Vhen the battery consists of several units as shown in Fig. 7 of thedrawings, it is found expedient to aid the evaporation by forming withinthe-last of the series of retorts a partial vacuum. 'It is to collapseor buckling of the top of the dome 47 and the bottom 45 that wehaveprovided the reinforcing structural tube 59. The tube 59 as shown inFig. 1 of the drawings, is seated on the apex of the cone 46, andsecured to the under side of the top of the dome 47. Any tendency to,collapse in line with the vertical axis of the. retort is thuscounter-acted. As the volume of the vapor in each of the successiveunits of the battery is increased the ducts 51, delivering thevaporstherefrom to the next succeeding retort, are increased in size.Also, in the final unit of the battery of retorts the dome is increasedto provide added capacity for vapors flowing into the condenser.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is 1. In an evaporator, a calandria having aplurality of open-ended circulation passages vertically disposed withinthe body of the liquor being treated; an annular distributing chambersurrounding said calandria v 0 n I k adapted for receiving a heatmgmedlum;

and a partition disposed in said calandria between the said passages anddistributing chamber, said partition being provided with .a series ofslots the size whereof is progressively increased in each succeedingretort.

2. In an evaporator, a calandria ring-like in form to provide anenlarged centrally disposed circulating tube, and having a pluralityofopen-ended small circulation tubes;

prevent the I means for introducing a heating medium within saidcalandria; and a series of in- .verted gas traps disposed within thebody of the liquors in said central tube, said traps having outlet tubesextending above the surface level of the liquor.

3. In an evaporator, a calandria ring-1ike in form to provide anenlarged cent-rally disposed circulating tube, and having a plurality ofopen-ended small circulation tubes; means for introducing a heatingmedium within said calandria; and a series of angular flanges secured tothe side wall of said calandria within said centrally disposed tube toform inverted, channels; and outlet pipes opening from said channelsextended above the liquor.

4. In an evaporator,

. a calandria having an enlarged centrally disposed open-ended tendedabove and opening above the liquor within the evaporator.

5. In an evaporator, in combination with v a calandria having anenlarged centrally discentral tube, of'a retort for holdin tube andsubstantially posed circulating tube and a plurality of minorcirculating tubes surrounding said central tube, of a retort for holdingliquors having a bottom provided with a raised portion disposed in linewith said enlarged tube.

6; In an evaporator,'in combination with a calandria having an enlargedcentrally disposed circulating tube and a plurality of minor circulatingtubes surrounding said liquor having a bottom the central portionwhereof is upraiseclto distribute the liquor in the evaporator outwardfrom the center of said in line with the circulating currents. A

' In an evaporator, a retort having a bottom provided with an annulardepression removed from the center of said bottom.

8. In an evaporator, a retort having a centrally disposed upwardlyextended conical section for inducing radial circulating currentsadjacent the bottom.

9. In an evaporator, a retort having a dome providedwith an outlet forthe eliminated vapors and a series of passagesfor said vapors; and meansfor discharging the accumulated liquor from said passages to Within thebody of the liquor in said retort. 10. In an evaporator, a retort havinga dome provided with an outlet for the elimi-' nated vapors and a seriesof passages for liquor in said retort. 11. In an evaporator, a calandrlahaving a vertically disposed central tube and a plurality of circulationpassages through said calandria disposed a jacent the outer peripherythereof; means forzheating the walls of said circulating passages inexcess of the heat imparted to thewall of said central tube; and meansfor arresting and transferring gaseous bodies formed on the outersurface of said tube beyond the body of liquor to prevent the'rise ofsaid bodies through the liquor.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM GARVIE HALL. WILLIAM SEARBY. Witnesses as to William GarvieHall:

FRANK J. KRUGER, J. SOUZA HENRIQUES. Witnesses asto William Searby:

JOHN MACLARON, C. A. BEALL.

